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Vulnerability Intelligence

CVE-2025-31161

CriticalExploitedPublic exploit

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the…

Published Apr 3, 2025 · Updated Oct 31, 2025

Key Facts

Patch immediately
  • CVE-2025-31161 is a critical-severity vulnerability (CVSS 9.8 v3.1) affecting CrushFTP.
  • It is exploited in the wild, listed in CISA KEV, Industry KEV feed, CIRCL KEV, ENISA EUVD since Apr 26, 2024 and is known to be used in ransomware campaigns. Public exploit code is available.
  • EPSS estimates a 100% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
  • Fixed versions are available, including CrushFTP 10.8.4, CrushFTP 11.3.1.
  • Brandefense priority: patch immediately, because it is listed as exploited in the wild.

CVSS v3.1

9.8

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS (30-day exploit likelihood)

100%

Higher than 99.9% of all scored CVEs

Exploited in the wild

Yes

4 catalog listings, used by ransomware

Public exploit code

Available

Proof-of-concept or weaponized module

Get the full CVE-2025-31161 brief as a PDF

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Description

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.

Known-Exploited Catalog Listings

CatalogAddedRemediation dueRansomware use
CISA KEVApr 7, 2025Apr 28, 2025Known
Industry KEV feedApr 26, 2024Apr 28, 2025Known
CIRCL KEVApr 7, 2025Apr 28, 2025Known
ENISA EUVDApr 7, 2025n/aNot reported

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Affected Products

2 affected entries in total
ProductAffected versionsFixed in
CrushFTPCrushftp>= 1010.8.4

Patched Releases

CrushFTP

10.8.4, 11.3.1

Timeline

  1. Added to Industry KEV feed

    Apr 26, 2024

  2. Publicly disclosed

    Apr 3, 2025

  3. Added to CISA KEV

    Apr 7, 2025

  4. Added to CIRCL KEV

    Apr 7, 2025

  5. Added to ENISA EUVD

    Apr 7, 2025

  6. Last updated

    Oct 31, 2025

Weakness Type

  • CWE-305 Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness

References

13 more references in the full CVE brief

FAQ

Common Questions.

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