CVE-2025-31161
CriticalExploitedPublic exploitCrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the…
Published Apr 3, 2025 · Updated Oct 31, 2025
Key Facts
Patch immediately- CVE-2025-31161 is a critical-severity vulnerability (CVSS 9.8 v3.1) affecting CrushFTP.
- It is exploited in the wild, listed in CISA KEV, Industry KEV feed, CIRCL KEV, ENISA EUVD since Apr 26, 2024 and is known to be used in ransomware campaigns. Public exploit code is available.
- EPSS estimates a 100% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- Fixed versions are available, including CrushFTP 10.8.4, CrushFTP 11.3.1.
- Brandefense priority: patch immediately, because it is listed as exploited in the wild.
CVSS v3.1
9.8
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS (30-day exploit likelihood)
100%
Higher than 99.9% of all scored CVEs
Exploited in the wild
Yes
4 catalog listings, used by ransomware
Public exploit code
Available
Proof-of-concept or weaponized module
Get the full CVE-2025-31161 brief as a PDF
Every affected product and fixed release, exploitation status and a first 24 hours response checklist, emailed within minutes.
Description
CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.
Known-Exploited Catalog Listings
| Catalog | Added | Remediation due | Ransomware use |
|---|---|---|---|
| CISA KEV | Apr 7, 2025 | Apr 28, 2025 | Known |
| Industry KEV feed | Apr 26, 2024 | Apr 28, 2025 | Known |
| CIRCL KEV | Apr 7, 2025 | Apr 28, 2025 | Known |
| ENISA EUVD | Apr 7, 2025 | n/a | Not reported |
Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Affected Products
2 affected entries in total| Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
| CrushFTPCrushftp | >= 10 | 10.8.4 |
Patched Releases
CrushFTP
10.8.4, 11.3.1
Timeline
Added to Industry KEV feed
Apr 26, 2024
Publicly disclosed
Apr 3, 2025
Added to CISA KEV
Apr 7, 2025
Added to CIRCL KEV
Apr 7, 2025
Added to ENISA EUVD
Apr 7, 2025
Last updated
Oct 31, 2025
Weakness Type
- CWE-305 Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness
References
- advisoryhttps://crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update#section-Update-VulnerabilityInfo
- advisoryVulnCheck exploitation report
- advisoryhttps://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-mitigate-crushftp-vulnerability
- exploitVulnCheck exploitation report
- exploithttps://attackerkb.com/topics/k0EgiL9Psz/cve-2025-2825/rapid7-analysis
FAQ
Common Questions.
CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorizat…
Affected: CrushFTP versions >= 10. The full list is in the CVE brief.
It is exploited in the wild, listed in CISA KEV, Industry KEV feed, CIRCL KEV, ENISA EUVD since Apr 26, 2024 and is known to be used in ransomware campaigns.
Yes. It was added on Apr 7, 2025 with a federal remediation due date of Apr 28, 2025.
Public exploit code is available.
Fixed versions are available, including CrushFTP 10.8.4, CrushFTP 11.3.1.
Brandefense priority: patch immediately, because it is listed as exploited in the wild.
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