CVE-2025-29927
CriticalExploitedPublic exploitAuthorization Bypass in Next.js Middleware
Published Mar 21, 2025 · Updated Sep 22, 2026 · Also known as GHSA-f82v-jwr5-mffw, ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2025-29927
Key Facts
Patch immediately- CVE-2025-29927 is a critical-severity vulnerability (CVSS 9.1 v3.1) affecting Next.js (Vercel), jitsucom-jitsu (chainguard), trigger-dev (minimos) and 3 more products.
- It is exploited in the wild, listed in Industry KEV feed, CIRCL KEV since Mar 28, 2025. Public exploit code is available.
- EPSS estimates a 99% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- Fixed versions are available, including @rootio/next 12.1.0-root.io.1, @rootio/next 12.1.0-root.io.2, @rootio/next 12.1.5-root.io.1.
- Brandefense priority: patch immediately, because it is listed as exploited in the wild.
CVSS v3.1
9.1
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
EPSS (30-day exploit likelihood)
99%
Higher than 99.9% of all scored CVEs
Exploited in the wild
Yes
2 catalog listings
Public exploit code
Available
Proof-of-concept or weaponized module
Get the full CVE-2025-29927 brief as a PDF
Every affected product and fixed release, exploitation status and a first 24 hours response checklist, emailed within minutes.
Description
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. Starting in version 1.11.4 and prior to versions 12.3.5, 13.5.9, 14.2.25, and 15.2.3, it is possible to bypass authorization checks within a Next.js application, if the authorization check occurs in middleware. If patching to a safe version is infeasible, it is recommend that you prevent external user requests which contain the x-middleware-subrequest header from reaching your Next.js application. This vulnerability is fixed in 12.3.5, 13.5.9, 14.2.25, and 15.2.3.
Known-Exploited Catalog Listings
| Catalog | Added | Remediation due | Ransomware use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Industry KEV feed | Mar 28, 2025 | n/a | Not reported |
| CIRCL KEV | Apr 24, 2025 | n/a | Not reported |
Required action: Apply remediations or mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if remediation or mitigations are unavailable.
Affected Products
9 affected entries in total| Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
| Next.jsVercel | >= >= 11.1.4, < 12.3.5 | 12.3.5 |
| jitsucom-jitsuchainguard | See advisory | 2.9.0-r0 |
| trigger-devminimos | See advisory | 4.5.0-r0 |
| nextnpm | >= 13.0.0 | 13.5.9 |
| vercel/next.jsgithub-repo | See advisory | n/a |
Patched Releases
@rootio/next
12.1.0-root.io.1, 12.1.0-root.io.2, 12.1.5-root.io.1, 12.1.5-root.io.2, 12.1.6-root.io.1, 12.1.6-root.io.2, 12.2.5-root.io.1, 12.2.5-root.io.2, 12.3.1-root.io.5, 12.3.1-root.io.6, 12.3.4-root.io.1, 12.3.4-root.io.2, 12.3.4-root.io.3, 12.3.4-root.io.4, 12.3.4-root.io.5, 12.3.4-root.io.6, 12.3.4-root.io.7, 12.3.4-root.io.8, 12.3.4-root.io.9, 13.1.6-root.io.1, 13.1.6-root.io.2, 13.2.4-root.io.2, 13.2.4-root.io.3, 13.2.4-root.io.4, 13.2.4-root.io.5, 13.2.4-root.io.6, 13.2.4-root.io.7, 13.3.0-root.io.4, 13.3.0-root.io.5, 13.3.0-root.io.6, 13.3.0-root.io.7, 13.3.0-root.io.8, 13.4.19-root.io.4, 13.4.19-root.io.5, 13.4.19-root.io.6, 13.4.19-root.io.7, 13.5.4-root.io.2, 13.5.4-root.io.3, 13.5.4-root.io.4, 13.5.4-root.io.5, 13.5.4-root.io.6, 13.5.6-root.io.2, 13.5.6-root.io.3, 13.5.6-root.io.4, 13.5.6-root.io.5, 13.5.6-root.io.6, 13.5.6-root.io.7, 14.0.0-root.io.2, 14.0.0-root.io.3, 14.0.0-root.io.4, 14.0.0-root.io.5, 14.0.0-root.io.6, 14.0.0-root.io.7, 14.0.3-root.io.2, 14.0.3-root.io.3, 14.0.3-root.io.4, 14.0.3-root.io.5, 14.0.3-root.io.6, 14.0.4-root.io.5, 14.0.4-root.io.6, 14.0.4-root.io.7, 14.0.4-root.io.8, 14.0.4-root.io.9, 14.1.0-root.io.5, 14.1.0-root.io.6, 14.1.0-root.io.7, 14.1.0-root.io.8, 14.1.3-root.io.2, 14.1.3-root.io.3, 14.1.3-root.io.4, 14.1.3-root.io.5, 14.1.3-root.io.6, 14.1.3-root.io.7, 14.1.3-root.io.8, 14.1.4-root.io.3, 14.1.4-root.io.4, 14.1.4-root.io.5, 14.1.4-root.io.6, 14.1.4-root.io.7, 14.1.4-root.io.8, 14.1.4-root.io.9, 14.2.0-root.io.1, 14.2.0-root.io.2, 14.2.0-root.io.3, 14.2.0-root.io.4, 14.2.0-root.io.5, 14.2.0-root.io.6, 14.2.10-root.io.3, 14.2.10-root.io.4, 14.2.13-root.io.2, 14.2.13-root.io.3, 14.2.13-root.io.4, 14.2.15-root.io.3, 14.2.15-root.io.4, 14.2.15-root.io.5, 14.2.15-root.io.6, 14.2.16-root.io.1, 14.2.16-root.io.2, 14.2.16-root.io.3, 14.2.16-root.io.4, 14.2.16-root.io.5, 14.2.16-root.io.6, 14.2.18-root.io.3, 14.2.18-root.io.4, 14.2.18-root.io.5, 14.2.18-root.io.6, 14.2.2-root.io.3, 14.2.2-root.io.4, 14.2.2-root.io.5, 14.2.2-root.io.6, 14.2.2-root.io.7, 14.2.2-root.io.8, 14.2.2-root.io.9, 14.2.21-root.io.1, 14.2.21-root.io.2, 14.2.21-root.io.3, 14.2.21-root.io.4, 14.2.21-root.io.5, 14.2.21-root.io.6, 14.2.24-root.io.1, 14.2.24-root.io.2, 14.2.24-root.io.3, 14.2.24-root.io.4, 14.2.24-root.io.5, 14.2.24-root.io.6, 14.2.24-root.io.7, 14.2.25-root.io.1, 14.2.25-root.io.2, 14.2.3-root.io.1, 14.2.3-root.io.2, 14.2.3-root.io.3, 14.2.3-root.io.4, 14.2.3-root.io.5, 14.2.5-root.io.10, 14.2.5-root.io.4, 14.2.5-root.io.5, 14.2.5-root.io.6, 14.2.5-root.io.7, 14.2.5-root.io.8, 14.2.5-root.io.9
jitsucom-jitsu
2.9.0-r0
next
12.1.0-aikido.1, 12.1.0-aikido.2, 12.1.5-aikido.1, 12.1.5-aikido.2, 12.1.6-aikido.1, 12.1.6-aikido.2, 12.2.5-aikido.1, 12.2.5-aikido.2, 12.3.1-aikido.5, 12.3.1-aikido.6, 12.3.4-aikido.2, 12.3.4-aikido.3, 12.3.4-aikido.4, 12.3.4-aikido.5, 12.3.4-aikido.6, 12.3.4-aikido.7, 12.3.4-aikido.8, 12.3.4-aikido.9, 12.3.5, 13.1.6-aikido.1, 13.1.6-aikido.2, 13.2.4-aikido.2, 13.2.4-aikido.3, 13.2.4-aikido.4, 13.2.4-aikido.5, 13.2.4-aikido.6, 13.2.4-aikido.7, 13.3.0-aikido.4, 13.3.0-aikido.5, 13.3.0-aikido.6, 13.3.0-aikido.7, 13.3.0-aikido.8, 13.4.19-aikido.4, 13.4.19-aikido.5, 13.4.19-aikido.6, 13.4.19-aikido.7, 13.5.4-aikido.2, 13.5.4-aikido.3, 13.5.4-aikido.4, 13.5.4-aikido.5, 13.5.4-aikido.6, 13.5.6-aikido.2, 13.5.6-aikido.3, 13.5.6-aikido.4, 13.5.6-aikido.5, 13.5.6-aikido.6, 13.5.6-aikido.7, 13.5.9, 14.0.0-aikido.2, 14.0.0-aikido.3, 14.0.0-aikido.4, 14.0.0-aikido.5, 14.0.0-aikido.6, 14.0.0-aikido.7, 14.0.3-aikido.2, 14.0.3-aikido.3, 14.0.3-aikido.4, 14.0.3-aikido.5, 14.0.3-aikido.6, 14.0.4-aikido.5, 14.0.4-aikido.6, 14.0.4-aikido.7, 14.0.4-aikido.8, 14.0.4-aikido.9, 14.1.0-aikido.5, 14.1.0-aikido.6, 14.1.0-aikido.7, 14.1.0-aikido.8, 14.1.3-aikido.2, 14.1.3-aikido.3, 14.1.3-aikido.4, 14.1.3-aikido.5, 14.1.3-aikido.6, 14.1.3-aikido.7, 14.1.3-aikido.8, 14.1.4-aikido.3, 14.1.4-aikido.4, 14.1.4-aikido.5, 14.1.4-aikido.6, 14.1.4-aikido.7, 14.1.4-aikido.8, 14.1.4-aikido.9, 14.2.0-aikido.1, 14.2.0-aikido.2, 14.2.0-aikido.3, 14.2.0-aikido.4, 14.2.0-aikido.5, 14.2.0-aikido.6, 14.2.10-aikido.3, 14.2.10-aikido.4, 14.2.13-aikido.2, 14.2.13-aikido.3, 14.2.13-aikido.4, 14.2.15-aikido.3, 14.2.15-aikido.4, 14.2.15-aikido.5, 14.2.15-aikido.6, 14.2.16-aikido.1, 14.2.16-aikido.2, 14.2.16-aikido.3, 14.2.16-aikido.4, 14.2.16-aikido.5, 14.2.16-aikido.6, 14.2.18-aikido.3, 14.2.18-aikido.4, 14.2.18-aikido.5, 14.2.18-aikido.6, 14.2.2-aikido.3, 14.2.2-aikido.4, 14.2.2-aikido.5, 14.2.2-aikido.6, 14.2.2-aikido.7, 14.2.2-aikido.8, 14.2.2-aikido.9, 14.2.21-aikido.1, 14.2.21-aikido.2, 14.2.21-aikido.3, 14.2.21-aikido.4, 14.2.21-aikido.5, 14.2.21-aikido.6, 14.2.24-aikido.1, 14.2.24-aikido.2, 14.2.24-aikido.3, 14.2.24-aikido.4, 14.2.24-aikido.5, 14.2.24-aikido.6, 14.2.24-aikido.7, 14.2.25, 14.2.25-aikido.1, 14.2.25-aikido.2, 14.2.3-aikido.1, 14.2.3-aikido.2, 14.2.3-aikido.3, 14.2.3-aikido.4, 14.2.3-aikido.5, 14.2.5-aikido.10, 14.2.5-aikido.4, 14.2.5-aikido.5, 14.2.5-aikido.6, 14.2.5-aikido.7, 14.2.5-aikido.8, 14.2.5-aikido.9, 15.2.3
trigger-dev
4.5.0-r0
Next.js
12.3.5
Timeline
Publicly disclosed
Mar 21, 2025
Added to Industry KEV feed
Mar 28, 2025
Added to CIRCL KEV
Apr 24, 2025
Last updated
Sep 22, 2026
Weakness Type
- CWE-285 Improper Authorization
- CWE-863 Incorrect Authorization
References
- advisoryGHSA advisory
- advisoryhttps://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/29xxx/CVE-2025-29927.json
- advisoryhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29927
- advisoryhttps://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250328-0002/
- exploitVulnCheck exploitation report
FAQ
Common Questions.
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications.
Affected: Next.js (Vercel) versions >= >= 11.1.4, < 12.3.5; jitsucom-jitsu (chainguard); trigger-dev (minimos), among others. The full list is in the CVE brief.
It is exploited in the wild, listed in Industry KEV feed, CIRCL KEV since Mar 28, 2025.
No, it is not currently listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
Public exploit code is available.
Fixed versions are available, including @rootio/next 12.1.0-root.io.1, @rootio/next 12.1.0-root.io.2, @rootio/next 12.1.5-root.io.1.
Brandefense priority: patch immediately, because it is listed as exploited in the wild.
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