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Vulnerability Intelligence

CVE-2025-48384

HighExploitedPublic exploit

When reading a config value, Git strips any trailing carriage return and line feed (CRLF).

Published Jul 8, 2025 · Updated Sep 26, 2026 · Also known as ALPINE-CVE-2025-48384, BIT-git-2025-48384, DEBIAN-CVE-2025-48384, GHSA-vwqx-4fm8-6qc9, ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-12-CVE-2025-48384, ROOT-OS-UBUNTU-2004-CVE-2025-48384, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-48384

Key Facts

Patch immediately
  • CVE-2025-48384 is a high-severity vulnerability (CVSS 8.0 v3.1) affecting Xcode (Apple), Git (Git-Scm), Debian Linux and 22 more products.
  • It is exploited in the wild, listed in CISA KEV, Industry KEV feed, CIRCL KEV, ENISA EUVD since Aug 25, 2025. Public exploit code is available.
  • EPSS estimates a 4.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
  • Fixed versions are available, including Xcode 26.0, emacs-git 1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9, emacs-git-el 1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9.
  • Brandefense priority: patch immediately, because it is listed as exploited in the wild.

CVSS v3.1

8.0

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS (30-day exploit likelihood)

4.4%

Higher than 91.1% of all scored CVEs

Exploited in the wild

Yes

4 catalog listings

Public exploit code

Available

Proof-of-concept or weaponized module

Get the full CVE-2025-48384 brief as a PDF

Every affected product and fixed release, exploitation status and a first 24 hours response checklist, emailed within minutes.

Description

Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and full access to internals. When reading a config value, Git strips any trailing carriage return and line feed (CRLF). When writing a config entry, values with a trailing CR are not quoted, causing the CR to be lost when the config is later read. When initializing a submodule, if the submodule path contains a trailing CR, the altered path is read resulting in the submodule being checked out to an incorrect location. If a symlink exists that points the altered path to the submodule hooks directory, and the submodule contains an executable post-checkout hook, the script may be unintentionally executed after checkout. This vulnerability is fixed in v2.43.7, v2.44.4, v2.45.4, v2.46.4, v2.47.3, v2.48.2, v2.49.1, and v2.50.1.

Known-Exploited Catalog Listings

CatalogAddedRemediation dueRansomware use
CISA KEVAug 25, 2025Sep 15, 2025Not reported
Industry KEV feedAug 25, 2025Sep 15, 2025Not reported
CIRCL KEVAug 25, 2025Sep 15, 2025Not reported
ENISA EUVDAug 25, 2025n/aNot reported

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Affected Products

497 affected entries in total
ProductAffected versionsFixed in
XcodeAppleSee advisory26.0
GitGit-Scm>= < 2.43.72.43.7
Debian LinuxDebian11.0n/a
rootio-gitrootioSee advisory1:2.30.2-1+deb11u5
git-allubuntuSee advisory1:2.17.1-1ubuntu0.18+esm2
20 more affected products in the full CVE brief

Patched Releases

Xcode

26.0

emacs-git

1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9

emacs-git-el

1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9

Git

0:1.8.3.1-25.el7_9.1, 0:2.18.4-5.el8_2.1, 0:2.47.3-1.el10_0, 0:2.47.3-1.el9_6, 1:2.17.1-1ubuntu0.18+esm2, 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.14.aikido.1, 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.14.aikido.2, 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.14+esm1, 1:2.30.2-1+deb11u5, 1:2.34.1-1ubuntu1.13, 1:2.39.5-0+deb12u2.root.io.5, 1:2.39.5-0+deb12u3, 1:2.43.0-1ubuntu7.3, 1:2.45.2-1ubuntu1.2, 1:2.47.3-0+deb13u1, 1:2.48.1-0ubuntu1.1, 1:2.50.1-0.1, 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.10+esm9, 1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9, 2.26.2-27.81.1, 2.40.4-2, 2.40.4-3.ph4, 2.40.4-4.ph5, 2.43.7-1.el8_10, 2.43.7-150300.10.51.1, 2.43.7-r0, 2.45.4-1, 2.45.4-r0, 2.47.3-1.amzn2.0.1, 2.47.3-1.el10_0, 2.47.3-1.el9_6, 2.47.3-r0, 2.49.1-r0, 2.50.1, 2.50.1-1.1, 2.50.1-1.amzn2023.0.1, 2.50.1-r0, 2.51.0-1.1, 2.51.0-150600.3.12.1, 2.51.0-slfo.1.1_1.1, 2.43.7, 2.44.4, 2.45.4, 2.46.4, 2.47.3, 2.48.2, 2.49.1

git-all

1:2.17.1-1ubuntu0.18+esm2, 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.14+esm1, 1:2.34.1-1ubuntu1.13, 1:2.43.0-1ubuntu7.3, 1:2.45.2-1ubuntu1.2, 1:2.48.1-0ubuntu1.1, 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.10+esm9, 1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9, 2.43.7-1.el8_10, 2.47.3-1.amzn2.0.1, 2.47.3-1.el10_0, 2.47.3-1.el9_6, 2.50.1-1.amzn2023.0.1

git-arch

1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.10+esm9, 2.43.7-150300.10.51.1, 2.50.1-1.1, 2.51.0-150600.3.12.1

git-bzr

1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9

git-core

1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.10+esm9, 2.26.2-27.81.1, 2.43.7-1.el8_10, 2.43.7-150300.10.51.1, 2.47.3-1.amzn2.0.1, 2.47.3-1.el10_0, 2.47.3-1.el9_6, 2.50.1-1.1, 2.50.1-1.amzn2023.0.1, 2.51.0-1.1, 2.51.0-150600.3.12.1, 2.51.0-slfo.1.1_1.1

git-core-doc

2.43.7-1.el8_10, 2.47.3-1.amzn2.0.1, 2.47.3-1.el10_0, 2.47.3-1.el9_6, 2.50.1-1.amzn2023.0.1

git-credential-libsecret

2.43.7-1.el8_10, 2.47.3-1.amzn2.0.1, 2.47.3-1.el10_0, 2.47.3-1.el9_6, 2.50.1-1.1, 2.50.1-1.amzn2023.0.1, 2.51.0-150600.3.12.1

git-cvs

1:2.17.1-1ubuntu0.18+esm2, 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.14+esm1, 1:2.34.1-1ubuntu1.13, 1:2.43.0-1ubuntu7.3, 1:2.45.2-1ubuntu1.2, 1:2.48.1-0ubuntu1.1, 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.10+esm9, 1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9, 2.26.2-27.81.1, 2.43.7-150300.10.51.1, 2.47.3-1.amzn2.0.1, 2.50.1-1.1, 2.50.1-1.amzn2023.0.1, 2.51.0-150600.3.12.1

git-daemon

1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9, 2.26.2-27.81.1, 2.43.7-1.el8_10, 2.43.7-150300.10.51.1, 2.47.3-1.amzn2.0.1, 2.47.3-1.el10_0, 2.47.3-1.el9_6, 2.50.1-1.1, 2.50.1-1.amzn2023.0.1, 2.51.0-150600.3.12.1

git-daemon-run

1:2.17.1-1ubuntu0.18+esm2, 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.14+esm1, 1:2.34.1-1ubuntu1.13, 1:2.43.0-1ubuntu7.3, 1:2.45.2-1ubuntu1.2, 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.10+esm9

git-daemon-sysvinit

1:2.17.1-1ubuntu0.18+esm2, 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.14+esm1, 1:2.34.1-1ubuntu1.13, 1:2.43.0-1ubuntu7.3, 1:2.45.2-1ubuntu1.2, 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.10+esm9

git-doc

1:2.17.1-1ubuntu0.18+esm2, 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.14+esm1, 1:2.34.1-1ubuntu1.13, 1:2.43.0-1ubuntu7.3, 1:2.45.2-1ubuntu1.2, 1:2.48.1-0ubuntu1.1, 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.10+esm9, 2.43.7-150300.10.51.1, 2.50.1-1.1, 2.51.0-150600.3.12.1

git-el

1:2.17.1-1ubuntu0.18+esm2, 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.14+esm1, 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.10+esm9

git-email

1:2.17.1-1ubuntu0.18+esm2, 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.14+esm1, 1:2.34.1-1ubuntu1.13, 1:2.43.0-1ubuntu7.3, 1:2.45.2-1ubuntu1.2, 1:2.48.1-0ubuntu1.1, 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.10+esm9, 1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9, 2.26.2-27.81.1, 2.43.7-1.el8_10, 2.43.7-150300.10.51.1, 2.47.3-1.amzn2.0.1, 2.47.3-1.el10_0, 2.47.3-1.el9_6, 2.50.1-1.1, 2.50.1-1.amzn2023.0.1, 2.51.0-150600.3.12.1

git-extras

2.40.4-3.ph4, 2.40.4-4.ph5

git-gnome-keyring

1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9

git-gui

1:2.17.1-1ubuntu0.18+esm2, 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.14+esm1, 1:2.34.1-1ubuntu1.13, 1:2.43.0-1ubuntu7.3, 1:2.45.2-1ubuntu1.2, 1:2.48.1-0ubuntu1.1, 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.10+esm9, 1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9, 2.26.2-27.81.1, 2.43.7-1.el8_10, 2.43.7-150300.10.51.1, 2.47.3-1.amzn2.0.1, 2.47.3-1.el10_0, 2.47.3-1.el9_6, 2.50.1-1.1, 2.50.1-1.amzn2023.0.1, 2.51.0-150600.3.12.1

git-hg

1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9

git-instaweb

1.8.3.1-25.0.1.el7_9, 2.43.7-1.el8_10, 2.47.3-1.amzn2.0.1, 2.47.3-1.el10_0, 2.47.3-1.el9_6, 2.50.1-1.amzn2023.0.1

git-lang

2.40.4-3.ph4, 2.40.4-4.ph5

git-lfs

3.7.0-150600.13.3.1

git-man

1:2.17.1-1ubuntu0.18+esm2, 1:2.25.1-1ubuntu3.14+esm1, 1:2.34.1-1ubuntu1.13, 1:2.43.0-1ubuntu7.3, 1:2.45.2-1ubuntu1.2, 1:2.48.1-0ubuntu1.1, 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.10+esm9

Timeline

  1. Publicly disclosed

    Jul 8, 2025

  2. Added to CISA KEV

    Aug 25, 2025

  3. Added to Industry KEV feed

    Aug 25, 2025

  4. Added to CIRCL KEV

    Aug 25, 2025

  5. Added to ENISA EUVD

    Aug 25, 2025

  6. Last updated

    Sep 26, 2026

Weakness Type

  • CWE-59 Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
  • CWE-93 Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
  • CWE-436 Interpretation Conflict

References

15 more references in the full CVE brief

FAQ

Common Questions.

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