CVE-2025-1094
HighExploitedPublic exploitImproper neutralization of quoting syntax in PostgreSQL libpq functions PQescapeLiteral(), PQescapeIdentifier(), PQescapeString(), and PQescapeStringConn() allows a database input provider to achieve SQL injection in certain usage patterns.
Published Feb 13, 2025 · Updated Aug 4, 2026 · Also known as ALPINE-CVE-2025-1094, BIT-postgresql-2025-1094, DEBIAN-CVE-2025-1094, DLA-4052-1, DLA-4052-2, SUSE-SU-2025:00614-1, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-1094, USN-7315-2
Key Facts
Patch immediately- CVE-2025-1094 is a high-severity vulnerability (CVSS 8.1 v3.1) affecting postgresql13 (alpine), postgresql14 (alpine), postgresql15 (alpine) and 22 more products.
- It is exploited in the wild, listed in Industry KEV feed since Feb 13, 2025. Public exploit code is available.
- EPSS estimates a 90% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- Fixed versions are available, including libecpg-compat3 10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3, libecpg-dev 10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3, libecpg6 10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3.
- Brandefense priority: patch immediately, because it is listed as exploited in the wild.
CVSS v3.1
8.1
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS (30-day exploit likelihood)
90%
Higher than 99.7% of all scored CVEs
Exploited in the wild
Yes
1 catalog listing
Public exploit code
Available
Proof-of-concept or weaponized module
Get the full CVE-2025-1094 brief as a PDF
Every affected product and fixed release, exploitation status and a first 24 hours response checklist, emailed within minutes.
Description
Improper neutralization of quoting syntax in PostgreSQL libpq functions PQescapeLiteral(), PQescapeIdentifier(), PQescapeString(), and PQescapeStringConn() allows a database input provider to achieve SQL injection in certain usage patterns. Specifically, SQL injection requires the application to use the function result to construct input to psql, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal. Similarly, improper neutralization of quoting syntax in PostgreSQL command line utility programs allows a source of command line arguments to achieve SQL injection when client_encoding is BIG5 and server_encoding is one of EUC_TW or MULE_INTERNAL. Versions before PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16, and 13.19 are affected.
Known-Exploited Catalog Listings
| Catalog | Added | Remediation due | Ransomware use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Industry KEV feed | Feb 13, 2025 | n/a | Not reported |
Required action: Apply remediations or mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if remediation or mitigations are unavailable.
Affected Products
998 affected entries in total| Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
| postgresql13alpine | See advisory | 13.20-r0 |
| postgresql14alpine | See advisory | 14.17-r0 |
| postgresql15alpine | See advisory | 15.11-r0 |
| postgresql16alpine | See advisory | 16.8-r0 |
| postgresql17alpine | See advisory | 17.4-r0 |
Patched Releases
libecpg-compat3
10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3
libecpg-dev
10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3
libecpg6
10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3, 17.3-1.1, 17.4-150200.5.10.1, 17.4-150600.13.10.1, 17.4-3.10.1
libecpg6-32bit
17.3-1.1, 17.4-150600.13.10.1, 17.4-3.10.1
libpgtypes3
10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3
libpq
0:13.20-1.el8_10, 0:13.20-1.el9_4, 13.20-1.el8_10, 13.20-1.el9_5, 16.8-1.amzn2023.0.1
libpq-dev
10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3
libpq-devel
13.20-1.el8_10, 13.20-1.el9_5, 16.8-1.amzn2023.0.1
libpq5
10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3, 17.3-1.1, 17.4-150200.5.10.1, 17.4-150600.13.10.1, 17.4-3.10.1
libpq5-32bit
17.3-1.1, 17.4-150200.5.10.1, 17.4-150600.13.10.1, 17.4-3.10.1
pg_repack
1.4.6-3.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94, 1.4.6-3.module_el8.9.0+3704+f1f917ce, 1.4.6-3.module+el8.10.0+1862+29bef648, 1.4.6-3.module+el8.9.0+90098+1560b6c2, 1.4.6-3.module+el8.9.0+90107+c48bae1a, 1.4.8-1.module_el8.9.0+3706+885c732e, 1.4.8-1.module+el8.10.0+1622+bd25b19c, 1.4.8-1.module+el8.9.0+1525+fc91df60, 1.4.8-1.module+el8.9.0+90110+d8a562d5, 1.4.8-2.module_el9.5.0+120+4533eb20, 1.4.8-2.module+el9.5.0+90424+300303e9, 1.4.8-2.module+el9.6.0+32420+37c3e639, 1.5.1-1.module_el8.10.0+3930+ecf33554, 1.5.1-1.module_el9.5.0+128+1095dce2, 1.5.1-1.module+el8.10.0+1900+d7340343, 1.5.1-1.module+el8.10.0+90451+109c7b24, 1.5.1-1.module+el9.5.0+90450+cb2feb1d, 1.5.1-1.module+el9.6.0+32421+7c015469
pgaudit
1.4.0-7.module_el8.10.0+3889+48cb11fb.alma.1, 1.4.0-7.module+el8.10.0+90397+67dad74f, 1.4.0-7.module+el8.9.0+1735+a332307b, 1.5.0-1.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94, 1.5.0-1.module+el8.9.0+1594+4a6adae9, 1.5.0-1.module+el8.9.0+90098+1560b6c2, 1.7.0-1.module_el8.9.0+3706+885c732e, 1.7.0-1.module_el9.3.0+52+21733919, 1.7.0-1.module+el8.9.0+1525+fc91df60, 1.7.0-1.module+el8.9.0+90110+d8a562d5, 1.7.0-1.module+el9.2.0+21134+ceb95ed9, 1.7.0-1.module+el9.6.0+32420+37c3e639, 16.0-1.module_el8.10.0+3798+606ebb9f, 16.0-1.module_el9.4.0+66+eb9878bc, 16.0-1.module+el8.10.0+1622+bd25b19c, 16.0-1.module+el8.10.0+1858+fcc46a79, 16.0-1.module+el8.10.0+90275+c15b12cb, 16.0-1.module+el9.4.0+90394+9e4f3cba, 16.0-1.module+el9.6.0+32421+7c015469
pgvector
0.6.2-1.module_el9.5.0+120+4533eb20, 0.6.2-1.module+el9.5.0+90425+0820a3c3
postgres-decoderbufs
0.10.0-2.module_el8.9.0+3704+f1f917ce, 0.10.0-2.module+el8.10.0+1862+29bef648, 0.10.0-2.module+el8.9.0+1594+4a6adae9, 0.10.0-2.module+el8.9.0+90098+1560b6c2, 0.10.0-2.module+el8.9.0+90107+c48bae1a, 1.9.7-1.Final.module_el8.9.0+3706+885c732e, 1.9.7-1.Final.module_el9.3.0+52+21733919, 1.9.7-1.Final.module+el8.9.0+1525+fc91df60, 1.9.7-1.Final.module+el8.9.0+90110+d8a562d5, 1.9.7-1.Final.module+el9.2.0+21134+ceb95ed9, 1.9.7-1.Final.module+el9.6.0+32420+37c3e639, 2.4.0-1.Final.module_el8.10.0+3798+606ebb9f, 2.4.0-1.Final.module_el9.4.0+66+eb9878bc, 2.4.0-1.Final.module+el8.10.0+1622+bd25b19c, 2.4.0-1.Final.module+el8.10.0+90275+c15b12cb, 2.4.0-1.Final.module+el9.4.0+90394+9e4f3cba, 2.4.0-1.Final.module+el9.6.0+32421+7c015469
PostgreSQL
0:13.20-1.el9_5, 0:9.2.24-9.el7_9.3, 12.22-3.module_el8.10.0+3971+15b81305, 12.22-3.module+el8.10.0+1942+05740481, 12.22-3.module+el8.10.0+90540+03ca8735, 13.19.0, 13.20-1.el9_5, 13.20-1.module_el8.10.0+3967+334cd65a, 13.20-1.module+el8.10.0+1939+bc4b0228, 13.20-1.module+el8.10.0+90526+050ec11b, 14.16-1, 14.16.0, 15.11.0, 15.12-1.module_el8.10.0+3968+5ca3d05a, 15.12-1.module_el9.5.0+140+e3f03d9d, 15.12-1.module+el8.10.0+1940+835325f2, 15.12-1.module+el8.10.0+90529+917d02ef, 15.12-1.module+el9.5.0+90527+e70c9846, 16.7-1, 16.7.0, 16.8-1.module_el8.10.0+3969+2c3c9353, 16.8-1.module_el9.5.0+141+f4b0f9b7, 16.8-1.module+el8.10.0+1941+ca32dfe4, 16.8-1.module+el8.10.0+90530+9eb57222, 16.8-1.module+el9.5.0+90528+7da48ca1, 17.3.0, 9.2.24-8.amzn2.0.6, 9.2.24-9.0.5.el7_9, 13.19, 14.16, 15.11, 16.7, 17.3
postgresql-10
10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3
postgresql-12
12.22-0ubuntu0.20.04.2
postgresql-13
13.19-0+deb11u1, 13.19-r0, 13.20-0+deb11u1, 13.20-r0
postgresql-14
14.16-r0, 14.17-0ubuntu0.22.04.1, 14.17-r0, 14.24-r2
postgresql-15
15.11-0+deb12u1, 15.11-r0, 15.12-r0, 15.19-r2
postgresql-16
16.7-r0, 16.8-0ubuntu0.24.04.1, 16.8-r0
postgresql-17
17.3-1, 17.3-r0, 17.4-r0
postgresql-client-10
10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3
postgresql-contrib
12.22-3.module+el8.10.0+90540+03ca8735, 13.20-1.el9_5, 13.20-1.module+el8.10.0+90526+050ec11b, 15.12-1.module+el8.10.0+90529+917d02ef, 15.12-1.module+el9.5.0+90527+e70c9846, 16.8-1.module+el8.10.0+90530+9eb57222, 16.8-1.module+el9.5.0+90528+7da48ca1, 9.2.24-8.amzn2.0.6, 9.2.24-9.0.5.el7_9
postgresql-devel
9.2.24-8.amzn2.0.6, 9.2.24-9.0.5.el7_9
Timeline
Publicly disclosed
Feb 13, 2025
Added to Industry KEV feed
Feb 13, 2025
Last updated
Aug 4, 2026
Weakness Type
- CWE-149 Improper Neutralization of Quoting Syntax
References
- advisoryRHSA-2025:1720
- advisoryRHSA-2025:1721
- advisoryRHSA-2025:1722
- advisoryRHSA-2025:1723
- advisoryRHSA-2025:1724
FAQ
Common Questions.
Improper neutralization of quoting syntax in PostgreSQL libpq functions PQescapeLiteral(), PQescapeIdentifier(), PQescapeString(), and PQescapeStringConn() allows a database input provider to achieve SQL injection in certain usage patterns.
Affected: postgresql13 (alpine); postgresql14 (alpine); postgresql15 (alpine), among others. The full list is in the CVE brief.
It is exploited in the wild, listed in Industry KEV feed since Feb 13, 2025.
No, it is not currently listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
Public exploit code is available.
Fixed versions are available, including libecpg-compat3 10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3, libecpg-dev 10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3, libecpg6 10.23-0ubuntu0.18.04.2+esm3.
Brandefense priority: patch immediately, because it is listed as exploited in the wild.
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