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Vulnerability Intelligence

CVE-2023-28229

HighExploitedPublic exploit

Windows CNG Key Isolation Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Published Apr 11, 2023 · Updated Oct 28, 2025

Key Facts

Patch immediately
  • CVE-2023-28229 is a high-severity vulnerability (CVSS 7.0 v3.1) affecting Windows 10 1507 (Microsoft), Windows 10 1607 (Microsoft), Windows 10 1809 (Microsoft) and 22 more products.
  • It is exploited in the wild, listed in CISA KEV, Industry KEV feed, CIRCL KEV, ENISA EUVD since Oct 4, 2023. Public exploit code is available.
  • EPSS estimates a 1.7% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
  • Fixed versions are available, including Windows 10 1507 10.0.10240.19869, Windows 10 1607 10.0.14393.5850, Windows 10 1809 10.0.17763.4252.
  • Brandefense priority: patch immediately, because it is listed as exploited in the wild.

CVSS v3.1

7.0

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS (30-day exploit likelihood)

1.7%

Higher than 76.4% of all scored CVEs

Exploited in the wild

Yes

4 catalog listings

Public exploit code

Available

Proof-of-concept or weaponized module

Get the full CVE-2023-28229 brief as a PDF

Every affected product and fixed release, exploitation status and a first 24 hours response checklist, emailed within minutes.

Description

Windows CNG Key Isolation Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Known-Exploited Catalog Listings

CatalogAddedRemediation dueRansomware use
CISA KEVOct 4, 2023Oct 25, 2023Not reported
Industry KEV feedOct 4, 2023Oct 25, 2023Not reported
CIRCL KEVOct 4, 2023Oct 25, 2023Not reported
ENISA EUVDOct 4, 2023n/aNot reported

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Affected Products

37 affected entries in total
ProductAffected versionsFixed in
Windows 10 1507MicrosoftSee advisory10.0.10240.19869
Windows 10 1607MicrosoftSee advisory10.0.14393.5850
Windows 10 1809MicrosoftSee advisory10.0.17763.4252
Windows 10 20h2MicrosoftSee advisory10.0.19042.2846
Windows 10 21h2MicrosoftSee advisory10.0.19044.2846
20 more affected products in the full CVE brief

Patched Releases

Windows 10 1507

10.0.10240.19869

Windows 10 1607

10.0.14393.5850

Windows 10 1809

10.0.17763.4252

Windows 10 20h2

10.0.19042.2846

Windows 10 21h2

10.0.19044.2846

Windows 10 22h2

10.0.19045.2846

Windows 11 21h2

10.0.22000.1817

Windows 11 22h2

10.0.22621.1555

Windows 10 Version 1507

10.0.10240.19869

Windows 10 Version 1607

10.0.14393.5850

Windows 10 Version 1809

10.0.17763.4252

Windows 10 Version 20H2

10.0.19042.2846

Windows 10 Version 21H2

10.0.19044.2846

Windows 10 Version 22H2

10.0.19045.2846

Windows 11 version 21H2

10.0.22000.1817

Windows 11 version 22H2

10.0.22621.1555

Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2

6.0.6003.22015

Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1

6.1.7601.26466

Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)

6.1.7601.26466

Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)

6.0.6003.22015

Windows Server 2012

6.2.9200.24216

Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)

6.2.9200.24216

Windows Server 2012 R2

6.3.9600.20919

Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)

6.3.9600.20919

Windows Server 2016

10.0.14393.5850

Timeline

  1. Publicly disclosed

    Apr 11, 2023

  2. Added to CISA KEV

    Oct 4, 2023

  3. Added to Industry KEV feed

    Oct 4, 2023

  4. Added to CIRCL KEV

    Oct 4, 2023

  5. Added to ENISA EUVD

    Oct 4, 2023

  6. Last updated

    Oct 28, 2025

Weakness Type

  • CWE-591 Sensitive Data Storage in Improperly Locked Memory

References

FAQ

Common Questions.

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