CVE-2025-32433
CriticalExploitedPublic exploitPrior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE).
Published Apr 16, 2025 · Updated Oct 14, 2026 · Also known as DEBIAN-CVE-2025-32433, GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-32433, USN-7443-3
Key Facts
Patch immediately- CVE-2025-32433 is a critical-severity vulnerability (CVSS 10.0 v3.1) affecting Cloud Native Broadband Network Gateway (Cisco), Confd Basic (Cisco), Enterprise Nfv Infrastructure Software (Cisco) and 22 more products.
- It is exploited in the wild, listed in CISA KEV, Industry KEV feed, CIRCL KEV, ENISA EUVD since Jun 9, 2025 and is known to be used in ransomware campaigns. Public exploit code is available.
- EPSS estimates a 99% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
- Fixed versions are available, including Cloud Native Broadband Network Gateway 2025.03.1, Confd Basic 7.7.19.1, Enterprise Nfv Infrastructure Software 4.18.
- Brandefense priority: patch immediately, because it is listed as exploited in the wild.
CVSS v3.1
10.0
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS (30-day exploit likelihood)
99%
Higher than 99.9% of all scored CVEs
Exploited in the wild
Yes
4 catalog listings, used by ransomware
Public exploit code
Available
Proof-of-concept or weaponized module
Get the full CVE-2025-32433 brief as a PDF
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Description
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.
Known-Exploited Catalog Listings
| Catalog | Added | Remediation due | Ransomware use |
|---|---|---|---|
| CISA KEV | Jun 9, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Not reported |
| Industry KEV feed | Jun 9, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Known |
| CIRCL KEV | Jun 9, 2025 | Jun 30, 2025 | Not reported |
| ENISA EUVD | Jun 9, 2025 | n/a | Not reported |
Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Affected Products
208 affected entries in total| Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
| Cloud Native Broadband Network GatewayCisco | See advisory | 2025.03.1 |
| Confd BasicCisco | See advisory | 7.7.19.1 |
| Enterprise Nfv Infrastructure SoftwareCisco | See advisory | 4.18 |
| Inode ManagerCisco | See advisory | n/a |
| Network Services OrchestratorCisco | See advisory | 5.7.19.1 |
Patched Releases
Cloud Native Broadband Network Gateway
2025.03.1
Confd Basic
7.7.19.1
Enterprise Nfv Infrastructure Software
4.18
Ncs 2000 Shelf Virtualization Orchestrator Firmware
25.1.1
Network Services Orchestrator
5.7.19.1
Optical Site Manager
25.2.1
Smart Phy
25.2
Staros
2025.03
Ultra Cloud Core
2025.03.1
Ultra Packet Core
2025.03
erlang
1:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm1, 1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm1, 1:22.2.7+dfsg-1ubuntu0.5, 1:23.2.6+dfsg-1+deb11u2, 1:24.2.1+dfsg-1ubuntu0.4, 1:25.2.3+dfsg-1+deb12u1, 1:25.3.2.8+dfsg-1ubuntu4.3, 1:27.3.3+dfsg-1, 23.3.4.19-150300.3.20.1, 25.3.2.20-1, 26.2.5.11-1, 26.2.5.11-1.ph4, 26.2.5.11-1.ph5, 26.2.5.11-r0
Erlang\/otp
25.3.2.20
erlang-asn1
1:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm1, 1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm1
erlang-base
1:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm1, 1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm1
erlang-base-hipe
1:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm1, 1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm1
erlang-common-test
1:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm1, 1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm1
erlang-corba
1:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm1, 1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm1
erlang-crypto
1:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm1, 1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm1
erlang-debugger
1:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm1, 1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm1, 23.3.4.19-150300.3.20.1
erlang-debugger-src
23.3.4.19-150300.3.20.1
erlang-dev
1:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm1, 1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm1
erlang-dialyzer
1:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm1, 1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm1, 23.3.4.19-150300.3.20.1
erlang-dialyzer-src
23.3.4.19-150300.3.20.1
erlang-diameter
1:18.3-dfsg-1ubuntu3.1+esm1, 1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm1, 23.3.4.19-150300.3.20.1
erlang-diameter-src
23.3.4.19-150300.3.20.1
Timeline
Publicly disclosed
Apr 16, 2025
Added to CISA KEV
Jun 9, 2025
Added to Industry KEV feed
Jun 9, 2025
Added to CIRCL KEV
Jun 9, 2025
Added to ENISA EUVD
Jun 9, 2025
Last updated
Oct 14, 2026
Weakness Type
- CWE-306 Missing Authentication for Critical Function
References
- advisoryhttps://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/32xxx/CVE-2025-32433.json
- advisoryhttps://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2
- advisoryhttps://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00028.html
- advisoryhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32433
- advisoryhttps://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy
FAQ
Common Questions.
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language.
Affected: Cloud Native Broadband Network Gateway (Cisco); Confd Basic (Cisco); Enterprise Nfv Infrastructure Software (Cisco), among others. The full list is in the CVE brief.
It is exploited in the wild, listed in CISA KEV, Industry KEV feed, CIRCL KEV, ENISA EUVD since Jun 9, 2025 and is known to be used in ransomware campaigns.
Yes. It was added on Jun 9, 2025 with a federal remediation due date of Jun 30, 2025.
Public exploit code is available.
Fixed versions are available, including Cloud Native Broadband Network Gateway 2025.03.1, Confd Basic 7.7.19.1, Enterprise Nfv Infrastructure Software 4.18.
Brandefense priority: patch immediately, because it is listed as exploited in the wild.
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